To facilitate conflict transformation and sustainable peace, reparations must more fully address distributive justice and socio-economic harms and grievances on the collective level, rather than only corrective justice and civil/political rights violations on the individual level.
In protracted conflict contexts where governments use mass incarceration as a form of social control, prisons become a site for nonviolent resistance as revealed in the three cases examined: Northern Ireland, Israel-Palestine, and South Africa.
In South Africa, “dialogue policing” and other seemingly benign “soft-policing” tactics during protests ultimately serve the interests of the state.
Violent flanks that emerge from within otherwise nonviolent campaigns appear to decrease these campaigns’ likelihood of success.